The diplomacy of decolonisation by Alanna O'Malley

Author:Alanna O'Malley [O'Malley, Alanna]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Political Science, International Relations, Diplomacy, Colonialism & Post-Colonialism, History, Africa, Central, World, African, General
ISBN: 9781526116284
Google: bHG5DwAAQBAJ
Publisher: Manchester University Press
Published: 2018-01-31T22:23:04+00:00

Notes

1Herter also remarked at this meeting, in response to a question from the President, that both the Secretary-General of the UN and Dayal, the UN representative in the Congo, were responsible for this situation. 474th Meeting National Security Council, 12 January 1961, Schwar, FRUS, XX, Congo, p. 14.

2T. Sorensen, Kennedy (New York: Harper Perennial, 2009), p. 520. See generally, J.P. Lash, ‘Dag Hammarskjöld’s conception of his office’, International Organization, 16:3 (1962), 542–556.

3UNA, S-209–0018–17, ONUC Records on Foreign Countries, Correspondence with the United States, Press Statement from the US Mission to the UN, Statement by Adlai Stevenson, 7 March 1961.

4Telegram from the Embassy in Belgium to the Department of State. Brussels, 23 January 1961, Schwar, FRUS, XX, Congo, p. 22.

5Comment from Secretary of State Dean Rusk at a staff meeting, 25 January 1961, Schwar, FRUS, XX, Congo, p. 24.

6As quoted in E. Lefever, Crisis in the Congo: A United Nations Force in Action (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1965), p. 210.

7Kalb, Congo Cables, p. 234.

8Telegram from the Mission to the United Nations to the Department of State, 31 January 1961, Schwar, FRUS, XX, Congo, p. 37.

9Memorandum by the Deputy Representative-Designate to the United Nations Security Council (Yost), 17 February 1961, Schwar, FRUS, XX, Congo, p. 69.

10Odd Arne Westad contends; ‘many African and Asian diplomats at the UN drew parallels between what they saw as the US’s federal government’s weak response to the American civil rights struggle and its inability to condemn colonial violence abroad’. Westad, The Global Cold War, p. 136.

11T.J. Noer, ‘New frontiers and old priorities in Africa’, in T.G. Paterson (ed.), Kennedy’s Quest for Victory: American Foreign Policy, 1961–1963 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), p. 256.

12NAL, PREM 11/5183, Records of the Office of the Prime Minister, Telegram from British Ambassador to the United States, Harold Caccia, in Washington to the Foreign Office, 1 February 1961.

13Telegram from the US Mission to the UN, to the Department of State. New York, 6 February 1961, Schwar, FRUS, XX, Congo, p. 57.

14Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library (hereafter, MMLP), Princeton Ambassador Adlai E. Stevenson Papers, Adlai Stevenson papers, Folder 1, Box 351, Series 5, Memorandum for the President, 27 April 1961.

15Woodrow Wilson Centre, Cold War International History Project, Congo crisis (hereafter, WWC), NSF Congo, Analytical Chronology, Secret, 72, p. 73. www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Congo1960–61_1.pdf.

16Ibid.

17Paper prepared in the Embassy in the Congo, Léopoldville, undated, Howland et al., FRUS, 1964–1968, Vol. XXIII, Congo, 1960–1968, p. 88.

18Mahoney, JFK, p. 65.

19As detailed in Memorandum from Secretary of State Rusk to President Kennedy, Washington, 1 February, Schwar, FRUS, XX, Congo, pp. 45–46. The principle elements were also outlined in a telegram from the Department of State to the embassy in India, dated 2 February, Schwar, FRUS, XX, Congo, p. 48.

20Memorandum of conversation, Washington, 4 February, Schwar, FRUS, XX, Congo, p. 51.

21WWC, Box 8, Bureau of African Affairs, Central Africa, State Department Files, Secret memorandum for the record, Working Committee on the Congo, 7 February 1961. www.wilsoncenter.org/sites/default/files/Congo1960–61_1.pdf.

22Members of the Conciliation Commission included representatives from: Ethiopia, Ghana, India, Liberia, Malaya, Morocco, Nigeria, Pakistan, Senegal, Sudan and Tunisia.

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